A moderate rise in testosterone levels improved aerobic performance and lean mass [1,2,32,37,39,42,43,44]
Testosterone increases lean body mass and decreases fat mass without significantly improving muscle strength or physical function [26,37,39,42,43,45]
Testosterone can increase muscle mass and strength [4,46]
Libido:
Testosterone treatment significantly improves sexual function in postmenopausal women [2,3,32,33,37]
Transdermal testosterone patch effectively improves sexual function in menopausal women [5]
Adding methyltestosterone to combined hormone therapy significantly increased sexual energy and function, and, improved quality of life in postmenopausal women [6,7]
Testosterone combined with estrogen therapy significantly improves sexual desire and satisfaction compared to estrogen alone [8]
Testosterone improves sexual arousal, function, and desire in postmenopausal women experiencing hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17,18,19,34,38]
Testosterone can significantly enhance sexual function, particularly desire, response, and satisfaction [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,32,33,37,39,41,42,43,44,47]
Bone Health:
Testosterone therapy can increase bone density, which may reduce fracture risk [28,40]
Brain Health:
Testosterone might have beneficial effects on verbal learning and memory in postmenopausal women [9]
Testosterone may help improve cognitive performance and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases [31,32,33,35,36]
Cardiovascular Health:
Testosterone therapy might offer cardiovascular advantages, such as improved lipid profiles and endothelial function [27]
Mental Health:
Testosterone supplementation might improve mood and wellbeing [19,29,36,41,47,48]
References:
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Effects of conjugated estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. 2004 Apr 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15082697/
Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data. 2019 Jul 25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353194/
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. 2002 Jul 17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12117397/
Effects of the addition of methyltestosterone to combined hormone therapy with estrogens and progestogens on sexual energy and on orgasm in postmenopausal women. 2008 Feb. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18202961/
Effect of androgens combined with hormone therapy on quality of life in post-menopausal women with sexual dysfunction. 2008 Dec. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19172538/
The benefits of androgens combined with hormone replacement therapy regarding patients with postmenopausal sexual symptoms. 2006 Jul 5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822626/
Estrogen and estrogen-androgen replacement in postmenopausal women dissatisfied with estrogen-only therapy. Sexual behavior and neuroendocrine responses. 1998 Oct. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9800666/
Effects of testosterone replacement in androgen-deficient women with hypopituitarism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 2006 Feb 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16478814/
Evaluation of high-doses estrogen and high-dose estrogen plus methyltestosterone treatment on cognitive task performance in postmenopausal women. 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12218381/
Effects of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular risk markers in androgen-deficient women with hypopituitarism. 2007 Apr 10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17426086/
Differential effects of oral estrogen versus oral estrogen-androgen replacement therapy on body composition in postmenopausal women. 2002 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932273/
Effects of Estradiol/Micronized Progesterone vs. Conjugated Equine Estrogens/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Breast Cancer Gene Expression in Healthy Postmenopausal women. 2023 Feb 18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36835533/
Effects of percutaneous androgen replacement therapy on body composition and body weight in postmenopausal women. 1998 Jun 17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9699197/
Effects of treatment with testosterone alone or in combination with estrogen on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. 2006 Jun 5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16750207/
Sublingual administration of micronized estradiol and progesterone, with and without micronized testosterone: effect on biochemical markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density. 2000 Sep-Oct. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10993031/
A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles. 1999 Dec. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10649811/
Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause. 1995 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898828/
Transdermal testosterone improves verbal learning and memory in postmenopausal women not on oestrogen therapy. 2014 May 5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24716847/
Testosterone dose-response relationships with cardiovascular risk markers in androgen-deficient women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 2014 Apr 8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24712568/
Effects of transdermal testosterone on natriuretic peptide levels in women: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. 2011 Dec 2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137497/
The Women's Health Initiative randomized trials of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: findings in context. 2023 Jan 22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36727752/
Reduced risk of breast cancer mortality in women using postmenopausal hormone therapy: a Finnish nationwide comparative study. 2016 Nov. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27465718/
Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. 2020 Oct 28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33115755/
Does hormone replacement therapy cause breast cancer? An application of causal principles to three studies. Part 4: the Million Women Study. 2012 Jan 16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22262621/
Levels of serum estradiol and lifestyle factors related with bone mineral density in premenopausal Mexican women: a cross-sectional analysis. 2016 Oct 19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27756278/
Association between serum estradiol level, sex hormone binding globulin level, and bone mineral density in middle-aged postmenopausal women. 2021 Oct 30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717706/
A Comparison of Bone-Targeted Exercise With and Without Antiresorptive Bone Medication to Reduce Indices of Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass: The MEDEX-OP Randomized Controlled Trial. 2021 May 25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34033146/
High-Intensity Exercise and Geometric Indices of Hip Bone Strength in Postmenopausal Women on or off Bone Medication: The MEDEX-OP Randomised Controlled Trial. 2022 Jun 12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35690931/
A dose-response and meta-analysis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone levels: perinatal prediction of randomized clinical trials. 2020 Oct 10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33045358/
Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases serum levels of androgens and estrogens but does not enhance short-term memory in post-menopausal women. 2012 Sep 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22985672/
Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study Group. 1998 Feb 19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9443925/
